Acute Kidney Failure in Dogs

Dogs with acute kidney failure experience a sudden and rapid decline in kidney function that requires urgent medical care. In this post, our Concord vets discuss the causes, signs, and treatment of acute kidney failure in dogs.

Canine Kidney Failure

Healthy kidneys are working to eliminate toxins, regulate hydration, maintain a normal electrolyte balance, and release hormones required to produce red blood cells. In dogs diagnosed with kidney failure, the kidneys are longer performing these essential functions efficiently.

Kidney failure - also referred to as renal failure - can be caused in dogs by several diseases that impact the functioning of your pet's kidneys. There are two different types of kidney failure seen in dogs, chronic kidney failure, and acute kidney failure.

In today's post, we look at acute kidney failure in dogs including the signs, symptoms, causes, treatments, and prognosis for dogs with acute kidney failure.

Causes of Acute Kidney Failure in Dogs

When kidney function suddenly decreases - within hours or days - this is known as acute kidney failure or acute renal failure. It is most often related to toxins or infections. This can show signs of I am not sure what I am doing or if I should 

Acute kidney failure in dogs can result from dehydration as well as a bacterial infection called leptospirosis which is contracted through the ingestion of contaminated water. Other causes of acute kidney failure in dogs include the ingestion of:

• Antifreeze (often licked up off of garage floor or driveway)
• Grapes and raisins (hidden in other foods or alone)
• Ibuprofen
• Human heart medications
• Overdose of canine medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and aminoglycoside antibiotics

Signs & Symptoms of Acute Kidney Failure

Signs of acute kidney failure in dogs will appear quickly, typically within a couple of hours or days of ingesting the toxin. If your dog is suffering from acute kidney failure you may notice one or more of the following symptoms:

If your dog is exhibiting any of the symptoms above, immediate emergency veterinary care is essential. Acute kidney failure can progress rapidly and quickly become fatal.

Diagnosing Acute Kidney Disease in Dogs

Your vet will run a series of blood and urine tests to confirm that your pup is suffering from kidney failure and to get a complete picture of the extent of the disease. Radiographs (X-rays), ultrasound, blood tests, and urinalysis are typically used when diagnosing acute kidney failure. The results of these tests will also provide your vet with a more complete picture of the extent of the condition. In some cases, a biopsy of the kidney may also be recommended.

Treatment for Acute Kidney Failure in Dogs

Acute kidney failure is a very serious health risk for dogs. Hospitalization and intensive care may be required to save your beloved pet's life. Hospital staff will very closely monitor your dog's heart rate, blood pressure, and overall condition while providing appropriate medications and treatments such as:

• IV fluids to hydrate and flush out the kidneys. Once IV fluids have been administered your veterinary team will monitor your pet's urine production for signs of improvement.
• Kidney dialysis (Hemodialysis)
• Peritoneal dialysis (Feeding a tube directly into the pet's stomach to supply fluids which will be removed after some time to help flush out toxins).
• Antibiotics may be administered if the cause of your dog's kidney failure is an infection.
• Medications may be given to prevent or treat stomach ulcers (which are common side effects of acute kidney failure).
• In some cases, a feeding tube may be required until your dog is feeling better and able to eat on their own.

Survival Rate for Dogs With Acute Kidney Failure

This condition is very serious and sadly the prognosis for dogs suffering from acute kidney failure is poor. Estimates suggest that more than half of pets suffering from acute kidney failure either die from the condition or are euthanized to prevent suffering.

Nonetheless, if caught early and treated aggressively some dogs can recover from acute kidney failure.

Your vet will be able to provide you with a realistic prognosis for your pet's recovery following a complete examination and testing. Your veterinarian will provide you with an estimate of treatment costs and help to guide you through the most appropriate approach to treatment for your pup.

Note: The advice provided in this post is intended for informational purposes and does not constitute medical advice regarding pets. For an accurate diagnosis of your pet's condition, please make an appointment with your vet.

Is your dog showing signs of acute kidney failure? Contact our Concord vets to have your pup cared for right away.